terça-feira, 14 de julho de 2009

Captação de água.

A água da chuva é destilada e cai sem cobrar impostos. Recolher essa água e aproveitá-la é uma tendência forte na busca de soluções para economizar água potável. A idéia é não perder a água da chuva que cai no telhado. Se ela não for captada, vai acabar se infiltrando na terra, ou então, pode ir para o sistema de águas pluviais urbano. Se esse sistema estiver sobrecarregado, a água não captada vai aumentar o caos dos alagamentos.
A água de chuva captada nos telhados não é potável porque entra em contato com impurezas por onde passa. No entanto, é boa para vários usos domésticos. Em alguns casos, pode ser usada na lavagem de roupas.
Na ilustração acima, temos um esquema de como fazer captação de água da chuva. A chuva cai nos telhados, é recolhida pelas calhas, passa por um filtro que retêm sujeiras como folhas e fica armazenada na cisterna enterrada. Uma bomba envia a água da cisterna para a caixa d'água elevada. A partir da caixa d'água, a água da chuva é distribuída para o vaso sanitário, a irrigação do jardim, o tanque de lavar roupa e a máquina de lavar.
A captação de água da chuva pode ser aplicada em residências, condomínios, prédios comerciais e industriais – como pode ser observado no Empório Bahamas Verde, no bairro Cascatinha. Seu custo ainda é alto, mas vai se pagando aos poucos com a economia na conta de água. O consumo de água tratada em uma residência pode cair a menos da metade com a instalação de um sistema de captação de água.
A captação de água pluvial traz várias vantagens para o ambiente. Primeiramente, reduz o consumo de água potável, que custa caro e agride o meio ambiente com a criação de represas, consumo de produtos químicos, etc. Em segundo lugar, a captação de água da chuva reduz o fluxo de água que corre para o sistema de águas pluviais durante as chuvas. Isso pode aliviar os transtornos com alagamentos, pois a água será liberada aos poucos nos dias seguintes à chuva. O sistema de captação consome pouca energia e a maioria de seus componentes pode ser fabricada com plástico reciclado.
Com o tempo, é provável que o poder público crie mecanismos para estimular a captação de água de chuva na área urbana. O ideal seria que os proprietários de terrenos fossem responsáveis pela captação de toda a chuva que cai sobre as áreas construídas no seu terreno, incluindo aí calçamento e pavimentação. Essa medida teria a vantagem adicional de estimular a ampliação da área de infiltração na área urbana.
Com esse processo de captação de água, é possível melhorar a vida de muitas pessoas que vivem em áreas secas, que, além de sofrerem com a falta d’água, ainda sofrem com enchentes de longa duração. A captação de água pluvial diminuiria tanto a falta d’água quanto as enchentes decorridas das chuvas.

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